The Carbon Majors Database: Launch Report

The database categorizes entities into three types: investor-owned companies, state-owned companies, and nation-states. Historically, investor-owned companies account for 31% of all emissions tracked by the database (440 GtCO2e), with Chevron, ExxonMobil, and BP the three largest contributors respectively. State-owned companies are linked to 33% of the database total (465 GtCO2e), with Saudi Aramco, Gazprom, and the National Iranian Oil Company being the largest contributors. Nation-states account for the remaining 36% (516 GtCO2e), with China’s coal production and the Former Soviet Union the largest contributors.

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The Carbon Majors Database: Launch Report

The Carbon Majors database traces 1,421 GtCO2e of cumulative historical emissions from 1854 through 2022 to 122 industrial producers, the CO2 portion of which is equivalent to 72% of global fossil fuel and cement CO2 emissions since 1751. Over 70% of these global CO2 emissions historically can be attributed to just 78 corporate and state producing entities.